Written by Camilla Fezzi
Did you know that research is not only science? There are two kinds of research: literary and scientific.
Scientific research and literary research are two distinct forms of inquiry that have different objectives, methods, and outcomes. While scientific research aims to understand the natural world through empirical observation and experimentation, literary research seeks to interpret and analyze literary texts to gain insight into human experience and culture. In this essay, we will compare and contrast scientific and literary research in terms of their objectives, methods, and outcomes.
Objectives
The primary objective of scientific research is to discover empirical evidence that can be used to develop theories and explanations of natural phenomena. This requires careful observation, experimentation, and data analysis to ensure that any conclusions drawn are based on reliable evidence and can be replicated by other researchers. The ultimate goal of scientific research is to generate knowledge that can be used to solve practical problems, improve technology, and advance our understanding of the world around us. On the other hand, literary research aims to analyze and interpret literary texts to gain insight into human experience, culture, and society. This involves close reading and analysis of texts, as well as an understanding of literary and cultural theory. The objective of literary research is to generate new perspectives and interpretations that can contribute to our understanding of literature and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.
Methods
The methods used in scientific research are typically empirical and quantitative, relying on the collection and analysis of data to test hypotheses and develop theories. This often involves experimental designs and statistical analysis, as well as the use of technology and specialized equipment to collect and measure data. Scientific research is generally conducted in a controlled environment to minimize extraneous variables that could affect the results of the study. In contrast, literary research tends to be qualitative and interpretive, relying on close reading and analysis of texts to generate new insights and understandings. Literary researchers often use theoretical frameworks and concepts to guide their analysis and may draw on historical, cultural, and social contexts to contextualize their findings. Literary research involves a close engagement with the text and a deep understanding of the literary genre, historical period, and cultural context in which the text was written.
Outcomes
The outcomes of scientific research are typically tangible and measurable, contributing to our understanding of the natural world and developing practical applications. Scientific research often results in the development of new technologies, medicines, and treatments, as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and understanding. The outcomes of scientific research are often published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated widely to the scientific community. In contrast, the outcomes of literary research are often subjective and open to interpretation, generating new perspectives and understandings of literature and its role in shaping human experience. Literary research may result in the development of new theoretical frameworks and concepts, as well as new critical approaches to literary texts. The outcomes of literary research are often published in academic journals and books and disseminated within the academic community.
Comparison
While scientific research and literary research have different objectives, methods, and outcomes, there are also some similarities between the two forms of inquiry. Both scientific and literary research require a rigorous and systematic approach to inquiry, as well as a critical and analytical mindset. Both forms of research also require the use of evidence to support claims and arguments, although the types of evidence used may differ. For example, scientific research may use quantitative data, while literary research may use textual evidence or historical context. Furthermore, both scientific and literary research are often interdisciplinary, drawing on insights and methods from a range of fields and disciplines. Scientific research may involve collaboration between scientists, engineers, and medical professionals, while literary research may involve collaboration between literary scholars, historians, and cultural theorists. Both forms of research also require a commitment to ethical principles and responsible conduct, as well as a willingness to engage with diverse perspectives and ideas.
Conclusion
In conclusion, scientific research and literary research are two distinct forms of inquiry that have different objectives, methods, and outcomes. Scientific research aims to discover empirical evidence to develop theories and explanations of natural phenomena, while literary research seeks to analyze and interpret literary texts to gain insight into human experience and culture. Despite these differences, both forms of research require a rigorous and systematic approach to inquiry, as well as a critical and analytical mindset. Ultimately, both scientific and literary research play a vital role in advancing knowledge and understanding in their respective fields and contribute to our broader understanding of the world and human experience.
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References:
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Lim, W.M. et al. Literature reviews as independent studies: guidelines for academic practice. Rev Manag Sci 16, 2577–2595 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00588-8
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